This definition was brought into usage in English. In French, trait came to have many meanings, one of which is ‘a particular feature of mind or character’. It comes from the Latin tractus, which means drawing, as in pulling a chariot (from trahere to drag), or as in drawing out of space and time, or drawing a line, such as a track or a tract of country. 1470–1480, in the transition period between Old French and Modern French. The etymology of the word is from the Middle French appearing c. For example, eye colour is a character, whereas the different expressions of that colour such as blue, brown and hazel are traits. A trait is the expression of genes in an observable way. In biological terms, Henderson’s Dictionary of Biology stated that a trait is ‘a distinct phenotypic character which may be either heritable or environmentally determined or both.’ ( Henderson and Lawrence 2005, p. These complementary approaches can be important components of taxonomic discovery, with the potential for a new role in modern trait analysis in molecular phylogenies.Ī trait is defined as ‘a distinguishing quality or characteristic’ and ‘a genetically determined characteristic’ (Farlex, The Free Dictionary, see, accessed ). Photography is useful at the macro-scale for habitat and whole-plant traits, as well as at the micro-scale for anatomical textures and ultrastructure. Botanical illustration brings sharp focus and meticulous attention to detail regarding form and structure of plants. Moreover, the inclusion of botanical artists as co-authors in some scientific publications signals an ongoing and important role. The cause of these trends is unknown, but it is likely to be due to several factors, including sourcing funding for production of botanical illustration, editorial preference for the use of illustrations or photographs, author preference for either illustrations or photographs, and moving to online publication, with no charges for colour reproduction. An analysis of all digitally available papers in Nuytsia, the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, Muelleria, Telopea, Austrobaileya and Systematic Botany established that, although photographic illustrations have increased since 2000, botanical illustrations have not always diminished. Our focus is on southern hemisphere systematic botany because, relative to the northern hemisphere, this is poorly represented in modern reviews of botanical art and photography. To examine claims that the role of botanical art in systematic botany is diminishing because of advances in photography, this review considers relevant literature and includes a quantitative analysis of trends in modern journals, monographs and floras.
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